Burgundy and its renowned classification system are distinguished by their deep focus on terroir as the defining factor in determining wine quality. The region’s vineyards are meticulously divided into appellation areas, with geographical location playing a crucial role in establishing different levels of appellation. The concept of terroir is central here, as the soil essentially lends its name to the wine. In this exceptional wine region, terroir is also referred to as *climat*. A *climat* is not just about the meteorological conditions affecting the vines; it encompasses the entire vineyard plot, including its precise boundaries, unique soil composition, and rich historical significance. Many of these *climats* derive their names from medieval times, reflecting the profound influence of monks, nobility, and clergy on the local economy over centuries.
The *clos*, or walled vineyard plots, are a testament to the intertwined history of viticulture, nobility, and the church. Monks played a pivotal role in meticulously delineating and identifying these terroirs. During the Middle Ages, religious communities received land donations from the nobility, primarily for producing wine for mass consumption. However, the monks’ rigorous and detailed work elevated viticulture, leading to significant improvements in quality and yields. By the 15th century, their wines had gained widespread recognition across Europe for their excellence.
In recent years, the unique character and historical significance of these *climats* have been acknowledged globally, earning them a place on the UNESCO World Heritage List. This recognition highlights their fascinating history and enduring legacy.
Building on this precise delineation of terroirs, the Burgundy wine classification system identifies four levels of appellations: regional appellations, village appellations, Premier Cru appellations, and, at the pinnacle, the prestigious Burgundy Grand Crus. This system reflects the region’s unwavering commitment to honoring the distinctiveness of its terroirs and the exceptional wines they produce.